HERD 资料库 · 科普

次声波——行星的声音

低于听觉阈值的声音遍布空气、大地与海洋。大象和鲸鱼用它"交谈"，鸽子靠它导航，在其中你能听见数千公里之外的火山和来自太空的流星。十三篇文章——每篇都附有自己的参考文献。

规模领先的开放次声波科普资料库之一 · 272 个核实来源

我们正在构建一张廉价压力传感器网络，以便更早地"听见"危险事件。为了解释这为什么以及如何奏效，我们把科学界对次声波的全部认识汇集成一座开放的资料库。这里没有为了公式而堆砌的公式——只有经过核实的事实、故事，以及指向原始文献的链接。

本资料库如何运作

这不是一个冗长的页面，而是一组文章：每篇都可独立阅读，每篇都有自己的参考来源列表，并标注 同行评审 机构 综述 历史。从下面任意一张卡片开始即可。

整个资料库，一页浏览 →

13 篇文章的全部来源汇于一页——按作者、标题、年份搜索，按标签筛选。

常见问题（FAQ） →

文章

01 · 基础

什么是次声波

听觉止于何处，低频世界从何处开始。波长、传播距离，以及它为何能环绕地球。

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02 · 基础

什么产生次声波

火山、地震、风暴、瀑布、城市和喷气式飞机——一张次声波来源地图。

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03 · 自然

微气压波——海洋的声音

一种约 0.2 赫兹、持续不断的"行星嗡鸣"，由相互碰撞的海浪产生。

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04 · 历史

喀拉喀托、汤加、车里雅宾斯克

数次环绕地球的声波，以及一颗被全球仪器"听到"的流星。

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05 · 动物

大象

低于人类听觉的隆隆声可传播数公里——既通过空气，也通过地面，用脚来"听"。

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06 · 动物

鲸鱼与海洋声道

地球上最响亮的动物，以及把它们的声音传送数千公里的天然"波导"。

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07 · 动物

鸽子与声音绘成的地图

一种假说：信鸽利用次声波构建出回家的"声学地图"。

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08 · 动物

水母与风暴

没有大脑的生物如何提前"感知"风暴——以及我们的研发从何切入。

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09 · 技术

如何探测次声波

全球 CTBTO 监测网、微气压计、阵列天线与抗风噪滤波器。

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10 · 技术

廉价的传感器网络

用几分钱的 MEMS 气压计能否捕捉到有意义的事件？科学怎么说。

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11 · 天气

天气、龙卷风、雪崩

龙卷风在触地之前就会"嗡嗡作响"；雪崩如今已能被次声波实时捕捉。

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12 · 迷思

次声波与健康

所谓的"恐惧频率"、风力涡轮机与"哈瓦那综合征"：哪些已被证实，哪些只是都市传说。

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13 · 使命

预警

这一切的意义所在：在海啸、火山喷发或流星到来前争取的几分钟，能够拯救生命。

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HERD 原创

我们自己的文章

这不是对他人科学的综述，而是 HERD 的立场：我们为何要建设密集的廉价传感器网络，以及它如何融入现有的预警系统。基于同样经过核实的来源。

HERD · 01

密度对灵敏度

为什么 100 个廉价节点的网络能捕捉到 60 个昂贵 IMS 台站漏掉的信号。

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HERD · 02

HERD 如何融入预警体系

我们补充 DART 和电离层海啸探测，而非与之竞争。

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这是一个鲜活的项目，而非博物馆

HERD 正在建设一张传感器网络和一个低频声学实验室。这座资料库与研究一同成长。

加入 研发：水母驱避装置

总参考文献

本库由 13 篇文章组成，每篇都有自己的参考文献列表。本页展示精选的 75 篇重点文献。所有文章合计共有 272 个独立核实来源。单篇最大的参考文献库——「次声与水母」150 条——收录在水母专题中。机器可读核心索引——infrasound-sources.json。

在一个资料库中浏览全部来源 →

精选来源——75 篇重点文献 · 全库共 272 个来源
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  3. 同行评审 Matoza R.S. et al. (2022). Global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga. Science 377. science.org
  4. 同行评审 Le Pichon A. et al. (2013). The 2013 Russian fireball largest ever detected by CTBTO infrasound sensors. GRL 40. agupubs.wiley.com
  5. 同行评审 Le Pichon A. et al. (2005). Infrasound associated with 2004–2005 Sumatra earthquakes and tsunami. GRL 32. agupubs.wiley.com
  6. 综述 Garcés M. et al. (2005). Infrasound from the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami. ASA. acoustics.org
  7. 同行评审 Bittner M. et al. (2010). Mesopause perturbations as a tsunami indicator. NHESS 10. nhess.copernicus.org
  8. 历史 Symons G.J. (ed.) (1888). The Eruption of Krakatoa, and Subsequent Phenomena. Royal Society. archive.org
  9. 综述历史 Gabrielson T.B. (2004). Krakatoa and the Royal Society. Acoustics Today / ECHOES. acousticstoday.org
  10. 科普 Cox A. (2014). The Sound So Loud That It Circled the Earth Four Times. Nautilus. nautil.us
  11. 同行评审历史 Longuet-Higgins M.S. (1950). A theory of the origin of microseisms. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 243. royalsocietypublishing.org
  12. 同行评审 Waxler R., Gilbert K.E. (2006). Radiation of atmospheric microbaroms by ocean waves. JASA 119. pubs.aip.org
  13. 同行评审 Payne K.B., Langbauer W.R., Thomas E.M. (1986). Infrasonic calls of the Asian elephant. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 18. springer.com
  14. 同行评审 O'Connell-Rodwell C.E. (2007). Keeping an 'ear' to the ground: seismic communication in elephants. Physiology 22. physiology.org
  15. 同行评审 Mortimer B. et al. (2018). Classifying elephant behaviour through seismic vibrations. Current Biology 28. cell.com
  16. 机构 Elephant Listening Project, Cornell University. elephantlisteningproject.org
  17. 机构 NOAA Ocean Explorer. The SOFAR Channel. oceanexplorer.noaa.gov
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  19. 同行评审 Širović A. et al. (2007). Blue and fin whale call source levels in the Southern Ocean. JASA 122. pubs.aip.org
  20. 同行评审 Hagstrum J.T. (2013). Homing pigeons use loft-specific infrasound for navigation. J. Exp. Biol. 216. journals.biologists.com
  21. 同行评审 Solé M. et al. (2016). Cnidarians sensitivity to sound after low-frequency noise exposure. Sci. Rep. 6. nature.com
  22. 同行评审 Elbing B.R. et al. (2019). Infrasound from a tornado-producing storm. JASA 146. pubs.aip.org
  23. 同行评审 Bedard A.J. (2005). Low-frequency acoustic energy from thunderstorm vortices. Mon. Wea. Rev. 133. journals.ametsoc.org
  24. 同行评审 Marchetti E. et al. (2015). Infrasound array detection of snow avalanches. NHESS 15. nhess.copernicus.org
  25. 同行评审 Mayer S. et al. (2020). Performance of an operational infrasound avalanche detection system. SLF. slf.ch
  26. 机构 Wyssen Avalanche Control. IDA® Infrasound Detection of Avalanches. wyssenavalanche.com
  27. 综述 van Kamp I., van den Berg F. (2018). Health effects related to wind turbine sound and infrasound. Acoustics Australia 46. springer.com
  28. 综述 McCunney R.J. et al. (2014). Wind turbines and health: a critical review. JOEM 56. journals.lww.com
  29. 反驳机构 JASON/MITRE (2018). Analysis related to the Embassy Incidents (Havana syndrome). int.nyt.com
  30. 同行评审反驳 Stubbs A.L., Montealegre-Z F. (2019). 'Sonic attacks' in Cuba match a cricket's calling song. bioRxiv. biorxiv.org
  31. 机构 Raspberry Shake & Boom — citizen seismo-acoustic sensors. raspberryshake.org
  32. 机构 Bosch Sensortec. BMP388 MEMS barometric pressure sensor. bosch-sensortec.com
  33. 机构 ARISE — Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe. arise-project.eu
  34. 同行评审综述 Fee D., Matoza R.S. (2013). An overview of volcano infrasound: from Hawaiian to Plinian, local to global. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 249. doi.org
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  36. 同行评审综述 Møller H., Pedersen C.S. (2004). Hearing at low and infrasonic frequencies. Noise & Health 6(23). pubmed
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  38. 同行评审 Langbauer W.R. et al. (1991). African elephants respond to distant playbacks of low-frequency conspecific calls. J. Exp. Biol. 157. journals.biologists.com
  39. 同行评审 Garstang M. et al. (2005). The daily cycle of low-frequency elephant calls and near-surface atmospheric conditions. Earth Interactions 9(14). journals.ametsoc.org
  40. 同行评审 Edwards W.N., Brown P.G., ReVelle D.O. (2006). Estimates of meteoroid kinetic energies from infrasonic airwaves. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 68. doi.org
  41. 同行评审 McDonald M.A., Hildebrand J.A., Mesnick S. (2009). Worldwide decline in tonal frequencies of blue whale songs. Endang. Species Res. 9. int-res.com
  42. 同行评审 Hedlin M.A.H., Alcoverro B., D'Spain G. (2003). Evaluation of rosette infrasonic noise-reducing spatial filters. JASA 114(4). doi.org
  43. 同行评审 Assink J.D. et al. (2018). A seismo-acoustic analysis of the 2017 North Korean nuclear test. Seismol. Res. Lett. 89(6). geoscienceworld.org
  44. 同行评审 Anderson J.F., Johnson J.B., Bowman D.C., Ronan T.J. (2018). The Gem infrasound logger and custom-built instrumentation. Seismol. Res. Lett. 89(1). doi.org
  45. 同行评审 Marcillo O., Johnson J.B., Hart D. (2012). An inexpensive low-power low-noise infrasound sensor (infraBSU). J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 29(9). doi.org
  46. 同行评审 Clive M.A. et al. (2024). Crowdsourcing human observations expands volcano monitoring (Raspberry Shake & Boom, Hunga 2022). Commun. Earth Environ. 5. doi.org
  47. 同行评审 Cansi Y. (1995). An automatic seismic event processing for detection and location: the PMCC method. GRL 22(9). doi.org
  48. 同行评审 Vergoz J. et al. (2022). IMS infrasound data products for atmospheric studies and civilian applications. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 14. essd.copernicus.org
  49. 同行评审 Kubota T., Saito T., Nishida K. (2022). Global fast-traveling tsunamis driven by atmospheric Lamb waves on the 2022 Tonga eruption. Science 377(6601). doi.org
  50. 同行评审 Streby H.M. et al. (2015). Tornadic storm avoidance behavior in breeding songbirds. Current Biology 25(1). doi.org
  51. 同行评审 Bishop J.W. et al. (2022). Deep learning categorization of infrasound array data. JASA 152(4). doi.org
  52. 同行评审 Jesus M.C. et al. (2024). Low-cost small-aperture array improves infrasound monitoring in the Azores. Pure Appl. Geophys. 181. doi.org
  53. 同行评审 Den Ouden O.F.C. et al. (2021). The INFRA-EAR: low-cost mobile platform for geophysical monitoring (KNMI mini-MB). Atmos. Meas. Tech. 14. doi.org
  54. 同行评审 Lamb O.D. et al. (2021). Assessing Raspberry Shake & Boom sensors for recording African elephant vocalizations. Front. Conserv. Sci. 1:630967. doi.org
  55. 同行评审 Brissaud Q. et al. (2021). The first detection of an earthquake from a balloon using its acoustic signature. GRL 48. doi.org
  56. 同行评审 Ravanelli M. et al. (2023). Tsunami and Lamb wave ionospheric signatures from the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption (GNSS-TEC). Pure Appl. Geophys. 180. doi.org
  57. 同行评审综述 Duarte C.M. et al. (2021). The soundscape of the Anthropocene ocean. Science 371(6529). doi.org
  58. 同行评审反驳 Woith H., Petersen G.M., Hainzl S., Dahm T. (2018). Can animals predict earthquakes? BSSA 108(3A). doi.org
  59. 同行评审 Allen R.M., Stogaitis M. et al. (2025). Global earthquake detection and warning using Android phones. Science 389(6757). doi.org
  60. 同行评审 Johnson J.B. et al. (2023). Infrasound detection of approaching lahars. Sci. Rep. 13. doi.org
  61. 同行评审 Marchetti E. et al. (2019). Infrasound array analysis of debris flow activity and implication for early warning. JGR Earth Surface 124. doi.org
  62. 同行评审 Crichton F. et al. (2014). Health complaints and wind turbines: the nocebo expectations hypothesis. Front. Public Health 2:220. doi.org
  63. 历史 Tandy V., Lawrence T.R. (1998). The ghost in the machine. J. Soc. Psychical Research 62. richardwiseman.com
  64. 同行评审 von Muggenthaler E. (2000). Infrasonic and low-frequency vocalizations from Siberian and Bengal tigers. JASA 108(5). doi.org
  65. 同行评审 Watkins W.A., Daher M.A. et al. (2004). Twelve years of tracking 52-Hz whale calls. Deep-Sea Research I 51. doi.org
  66. 同行评审 Ripepe M. et al. (2018). Infrasonic early warning system for explosive eruptions. JGR Solid Earth 123. doi.org
  67. 同行评审 Ripepe M. et al. (2021). Dense seismo-acoustic network warning of the 2019 paroxysmal Stromboli eruptions. Sci. Rep. 11. doi.org
  68. 机构反驳 NOAA PMEL Acoustics. Icequakes ("Bloop"). pmel.noaa.gov
  69. 同行评审 Mack A.L., Jones J. (2003). Low-frequency vocalizations by cassowaries (Casuarius spp.). The Auk 120(4). doi.org
  70. 同行评审 Hetzer C.H., Gilbert K.E., Waxler R., Talmadge C.L. (2008). Infrasound from hurricanes: dependence on the ocean surface wave field. GRL 35. doi.org
  71. 同行评审 De Carlo M., Ardhuin F., Le Pichon A. (2020). Atmospheric infrasound generation by ocean waves in finite depth. Geophys. J. Int. 221. doi.org
  72. 同行评审 Reber S.A. et al. (2017). Formants provide honest acoustic cues to body size in American alligators. Sci. Rep. 7. doi.org
  73. 同行评审 Freeman A.R., Hare J.F. (2015). Infrasound in mating displays: a peacock's tale. Animal Behaviour 102. doi.org
  74. 同行评审 Barklow W.E. (2004). Low-frequency sounds and amphibious communication in Hippopotamus amphibius. JASA 115. doi.org
  75. 同行评审 Wilson C.R., Olson J.V. (2005). High trace-velocity infrasound from pulsating auroras at Fairbanks, Alaska. GRL 32. doi.org